Literature Analysis: A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest J. Gains

A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest J. Gains

1. Briefly summarize the plot of the novel you read according to the elements of plot you've learned in past courses (exposition, inciting incident, etc.).  Explain how the narrative fulfills the author's purpose (based on your well-informed interpretation of same). A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest J. Gains is an amazing book of historical fiction.  Set around the end of WWII, the novel reveals the ugly truth about discrimination in the deep South even after world War II was said and done.  The narrator is not one set person, in fact each character is a narrator at on point in the book.  It is an interesting style seeing as it includes the viewpoints of all those involved.  The central event in the novel is the killing of Beau Baton by a black man, and the cover-up that isn't what it seems to be.  Each of the eighteen old black men that gather on the property have their own reasons for killing Beau, but each share a desire to protect their brothers in race against the fallout that is sure to come. 
 2. Succinctly describe the theme of the novel. Avoid cliches.  There seems to be multiple themes within the pages of this novel.  One is the redefinition of the role of blacks in society.  The old men await Beau's father, Fix, to come to the Marshall plantation to lynch them, and the lynching gang lead by Luke Will expect the black men not to fight back, leading to Luke Wills death.  Both groups keep living in the past and not allowing themselves to move forward.  Yet by the end of the novel, the black men of the community begin to feel some freedoms that were granted to them a long time ago.
3. Describe the author's tone. Include a minimum of three excerpts that illustrate your point(s).  The tone of this book varies by the character that is narrating at the time.  With Snookum, the only child described in detail in the book, everything is so youthful and carefree, yet when Clatoo, one of the oldest black men, takes the helm, his point of view is depressing but determined to protect his friends.

 CHARACTERIZATION
1. Does the author's syntax and/or diction change when s/he focuses on character?  How?  Example(s)?  Each narrator is slightly different in demeanor and speech, which is only to be expected.  All of the old black men show signs of determination and courage during one situation, yet will cower in fear at the drop of a hat.  Only when they realize that power does not discriminate, they become a sort of enlightened, angry black men with guns and vengeance on their mind.  The author does a wonderful job of allowing the reader to witness that transformation.
 2. Is the protagonist static or dynamic?  Flat or round?  Explain.  I believe that most of the characters in the book are very round, and they all change for good or for worse during the course of the book.  Each of the characters have their own intentions when they make their claims, and they become more sure of themselves as the story goes on.
 3. After reading the book did you come away feeling like you'd met a person or read a character?  Analyze one textual example that illustrates your reaction.  Honestly, I didn't really feel like I've met a person.  They were relatable, for sure, but their thoughts were so different than mine that I couldn't imagine being in their world.

Literature Analysis: The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

 

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

Briefly summarize the plot of the novel you read according to the elements of plot you've learned in past courses (exposition, inciting incident, etc.). Explain how the narrative fulfills the author's purpose (based on your well-informed interpretation of same).

Exposition: The story is told in first-person narration by a young man named Amir. Amir grows up fairly wealthy in Afghanistan in the 1970s during the golden years of Afghanistan's history, before it all came crashing down. Amir begins his story in 2001 while living in San Francisco. He begins the book by talking about how a certain event from 1975 made him what is today. Amir describes his childhood best friend, Hassan, in the second chapter of the novel. Hassan and his father, Ali, are servants for Amir and his father. They are also Harzaras, who were considered very low class . Ali and Amir's father, Baba, had been friends for years and naturally, their sons grew up as friends. Hassan and Amir do everything together but even though they're friends, Amir sometimes treats Hassan like he is beneath him. Hassan is more social and athletic than Amir and receives positive attention from Amir's father. His makes Amir jealous because Amir feels as though he didn't measure up to his father's expectations. Because of this, Amir often passively-aggressively attacks Hassan. In the exposition, we are also introduced to Rahim Khan, Baba's good friend who supports Amir's love of writing.  We as readers learn that Amir's mother died giving birth to Amir and Hassan's mother ran away after Hassan was born. Finally Amir gets to the event that changed him forever. After a kite competition that he and Hassan won, Hassan goes chasing after the last kite to fall, as is custom with the children. Hassan was very good at this but a group of boys became jealous of Hassan's abilities. The leader of the group, Assef, is an purely evil individual. They find Hassan and demand the kite. Hassan refuses to give it to them because he wants to present it to Amir. Assef rates Hassan and Amir sees the whole thing. Amir is conflicted. He wants to say something or do something but he can't; he just hides around the corner. He will forever be tormented by his cowardly actions from that evening. 

Rising Action: Hassan is never the same after the incident. Deep down he knows that Amir knew what happened and he feels ashamed. Amir can't stand to be around Hassan and the guilt so he places a large amount of money under Hassan's bed. He tells Baba that Hassan stole the money from him. Baba decides to forgive Hassan and let him stay but Hassan's father Ali insists that they leave because of the situation. Baba is deeply upset because Ali had been his good friend. Shortly after, things begin to go downhill in Afghanistan and Baba decides to take Amir and leave. They travel to Pakistan and from there, to America. Baba finds a job in a gas station in Fremont and they sell things at the flea market every week to make a living. Baba ends up getting diagnosed with cancer and dies after a few years in America. Before that though, he is able to see Amir get married to an Afghan girl, Soraya. They are very happy together, but unable to have children. One day, in 2001, Amir gets a call from his old family friend Rahim Khan. Rahim tell Amir that he is very sick and wants to see Amir.

Climax: Amir travels to Pakistan to see Rahim Khan. He finds him very sick and poor. Rahim tells Amir about the troubles with Afghanistan and the Taliban. Rahim gives Amir a letter from Hassan. Hassan is well and has a child and a wife. Rahim explains that the letter was written months ago and Hassan and his wife had recently been killed by the Taliban. Amir's guilt crashes into him, and he breaks down. Rahim explains that Hassan's son, Sohrab was placed in an orphanage in the dangerous city of Kabul. Rahim knew what happened years ago between Hassan and Amir and he says that saving Sohrab will make up for his past actions. Rahim then tells Amir a secret that had been kept for years. Hassan and Amir are half-brothers. Baba had an affair with Hassan's mother and that makes Sohrab, Amir's nephew. Amir now understands his fathers love for Hassan and he is angry that this has been kept from him for so long and he storms out of Rahim's apartment. After he calms down he goes back and agrees to rescue Sohrab. He travels with a man named Farid to Afghanistan on a very dangerous journey. They find the orphanage but Sohrab is not there. He had been bought by members of the Taliban. Amir finds him as some sort of child sex slave to a Taliban member, who turns out to be Assef, the man who raped Hassan that Amir never stood up to. Assef agrees to a fight; if Amir wins, he is free to go, but if not, he will be dead. Sohrab ends up blinding Assef during the fight with his slingshot. Amir and Sohrab escape but Amir is greatly injured and is taken to the hospital. 

Falling Action: After Amir somewhat recovers, he decides to go back to Pakistan. Amir tries to find ways to adopt Sohrab and take him back to America but lawyers tell him it will be nearly impossible. The only way would be for Sohrab to go back into an orphanage for awhile until the papers go through. Amir had promised that Sohrab wouldn't have to go back and Sohrab is distressed when he hears the news. While Amir is sleeping, Sohrab goes into the bathroom and slits his wrists. Amir finds him and an ambulance takes him to the hospital where he is saved.

Resolution: Soraya arranged a way for Sohrab to be taken back to States before an official adoption takes place. Sohrab becomes depressed as he yearns for his old life. He is silent most of the time and shows only sorrow until one day about a year after he is taken back to America. At a picnic, people begin flying kites and Amir buys one and encourages Sohrab to try. Sohrab shows little interest at first but begins to try. They are able to cut down the other kite and Sohrab smiles; for the first time in a year. Amir knows it's a small thing and it doesn't fix anything, but it is a positive sign that things are getting better.

The purpose of the novel was to show how common human instincts, problems, and feelings occur everywhere in the world. Amir grew up in a world different than anyone in America could imagine yet he deals with his guilt, his feeling of inferiority, and his hate in ways that we can all relate to. The problems that Hassan and Amir's friendship suffer to and overcome show the basic reality of human relationships. Amir's insecurity about never making Baba proud are relatable issues. The setting is different than most, but the underlying issues and emotions are applicable to the world over. 

2. Succinctly describe the theme of the novel. Avoid cliches.

I think that the main theme of the novel is the journey of the search for redemption. The entire novel revolves around Amir's struggles to right his wrongs. The novel begins with Amir reflecting on an event from 1975 that changed his life. Throughout his life he struggles with not thinking he is worth anything because of his lack of courage. He finally gets a chance a make right what he did years ago by saving Hassan's son and he takes the opportunity. He couldn't solve the problem by sending Ali and Hassan away as a child. It is only when Amir learned to confront his past and make peace that he was able to move with his life. 

3. Describe the author's tone. Include a minimum of three excerpts that illustrate your point(s).

The tone is mostly mournful and remorseful. Many negative incidents occur in the occur and they really make the reader feel badly for the characters. Things never seem to go positive for the characters. Right as Amir and Baba get to America and start to rebuild their lives, Baba gets cancer. "I wanted to ask him how I was supposed to live with that word, 'suspicious' for two whole weeks. How was I supposed eat, work, study? How could he send me home with that word?" Page 154 first edition. Baba's death takes Amir to a state of anguish that people rarely see and sets a depressing tone for the rest of the novel. When Amir finds out about Hassan's murder, he tumbles through a range of emotions including despair, shock and mostly guilt. He can't help thinking that if he wouldn't have lied and made Hassan and Ali, that Hassan wouldn't be dead. "But all I could manage was to whisper 'No. No. No' over and over again." Page 219. The guilt that Amir feels really comes through the text and how he speaks. After Sohrab attempts suicide, Amir displays extreme guilt again. "Suddenly I was on my knees, screaming. Screaming through my clenched teeth. Screaming until I thought my throat would rip and my chest explode." Page 343. Amir faces one problem after another. He tries to make up for his mistakes but each time he faces a depressing event that sets him back. 

CHARACTERIZATION 

1. Describe two examples of direct characterization and two examples of indirect characterization. Why does the author use both approaches, and to what end (i.e., what is your lasting impression of the character as a result)?

One example of direct characterization is Amir's physical description of Hassan at the beginning of the novel.  "I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green, even sapphire. I can still see his tiny low-set ears and that pointed stub of a a chin, a meaty appendage that looked like it was added as a mere afterthought. And that cleft lip, just left of midline, where the Chinese doll maker's instrument may have slipped." Page 3. Another example of direct characterization is Amir's description of his father. "It was Rahim Khan who first referred to him as what eventually became Baba's famous nickname, Toophan agha, or "Mr. Hurricane." It was an apt enough nickname. My father was a force of nature, a towering Pashtun specimen with a thick beard, a wayward crop of curly brown hair as unruly as the man himself, hands that looked capable of uprooting a willow tree, and a black glare that would "drop the devil to his knees begging for mercy," as Rahim Khan used to say. At parties, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him like sunflowers turning to the sun." Pages 12-13. This description of Baba directly tells the audience that Baba is a forceful character. An example of indirect characterization is "The Russian soldier thrust his face into the rear of the truck. He was humming the wedding song and drumming his finger on the edge of the tailgate. Even in the dim light of the moon, I saw the glazed look in his eyes as they skipped from passenger to passenger. Despite the cold, sweat streamed from his brow. His eyes settled on the young woman wearing the black shawl. He spoke in Russian to Karim without taking his eyes off her. Karim gave a curt reply in Russian, which the soldier returned with an even curter retort. The Afghan soldier said some thing too, in a low, reasoning voice. But the Russian soldier shouted something that made the other two flinch. I could feel Baba tightening up next to me. Karim cleared his throat, dropped his head. Said the soldier wanted a half hour with the lady in the back of the truck." Pages 114-115. The way that people react to this Russian soldier show that he is a disgraceful man. Another example is "His [Assef's] blue eyes flicked to Hassan. "Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. His people pollute our homeland, our watan. They dirty our blood." He made a sweeping, grandiose gesture with his hands. "Afghanistan for Pashtuns, I say. That's my vision." Page 40. Assef words and vision allow the audience to infer that he full of hate and racism. 

2. Does the author's syntax and/or diction change when s/he focuses on character? How? Example(s)?

The author does vary his syntax and diction when he writes about different characters. He writes more descriptively and emotionally when focusing on characters. Yet his word choice also varies between different characters. When describing characters the narrator is fond of, he uses more descriptive, flowy language. When he focuses of character he hates, he uses short, terse language. "His word was law, and if you needed a little legal education, then those brass knuckles were just the right teaching tool." Page 38.

3. Is the protagonist static or dynamic?  Flat or round?  Explain.

Amir is a dynamic and round character. He begins the story as a spoiled, selfish boy but by the end of the novel he learns to seek redemption, and he is truly sorry. The reader can see Amir change as he gets older and grows more mature. He is also complex. He has many internal conflicts and the author spends the most time developing him.

4. After reading the book did you come away feeling like you'd met a person or read a character?  Analyze one textual example that illustrates your reaction. 

After reading this book, I definitely felt like I knew Amir on personal level. After I finished reading, I found myself wondering how Amir was doing up in San Francisco. Then I had to stop and remind myself that Amir did not really live in San Francisco or exist at all because he is a fictional character. I felt like Amir had told me his life story, and I felt as though I a had become a part of his life. "But I'll take it. With open arms. Because when spring comes, it melts the snow one flake at a time, and maybe I just witnessed the first flake melting. I ran. A grown man running with a swarm of screaming children. But I didn't care.I ran with the wind blowing in my face, and a smile as wide as the Valley of Panjsher on my lips. I ran." Page 371. In these last lines, everything really ties together. There is a sense of hope. Things aren't perfect but there is hope. I feel hopeful for Amir and people like him.

Hamlet Essay

Hamlet: Speaker of the Ages

Speech is a way of life for all the people of the world.  From our first words to our last, we can convey emotions, ideas, and thoughts to others around us.  Without speech, we are nothing, which is why Hamlet is such a powerful work.  Hamlet is eloquent and persuasive, which powers the entire plotline of the play.  Hamlet made the entire play move and twist to his liking.  

The entire play of Hamlet consists of the lead character, Hamlet, using his powers of speech to turn the tide of the play and therefore the mindsets of the other characters to his advantage.  He plays Polonius like a fool by making him believe that he, Hamlet, was madly in love with his daughter and it was affecting his mental state.  In actuality, Hamlet was throwing Polonius off his trail so that he could take revenge on his uncle.  While he was confusing Lord Polonius, who was just as much of a talker as Hamlet just not as eloquent, Hamlet was busy pulling the calm-cool-collected card on his friends and parents, making all involved seem like they were in they know.  

Hamlet’s power of persuasion proved a powerful asset when convincing others of his madness.  Hamlet brought down his uncle’s entire mental guard and was able to slip in his revenge on his dead father.  The only flaw in his plan was his inability to hold off Laertes in a swordfight, which would have enabled Hamlet to get off with his revenge without a scratch.  

While Hamlet was an eloquent and persuasive speaker, his tragic flaw was his lack of confidence in his ability to avenge his father.  He second-guessed his plan on multiple occasions, and would not follow through with a single plan until he was forced in his fight with Laertes.  Then fall Hamlet.

Vocab 4+5=6

Obsequious too eager to help or obey someone important
Beatitude a state of utmost bliss
Bete Noire a person or thing that someone dislikes very much
Bode to be a sign of (a future event or situation)
Dank wet and cold in a way that is unpleasant
Ecumenica  involving people from different kinds of Christian churches
Fervid having or showing feelings that are very strong or too strong
Fetid having a strong, unpleasant smell
Gargantuan very large in size or amount
Heyday the time when someone or something is most successful, popular, etc.
Incubus one that oppresses or burdens like a nightmare
Infrastructure the underlying foundation or basic framework 
Inveigle to persuade (someone) to do something in a clever or deceptive way
Kudos praise or respect that you get because of something you have done or achieved
Lagniappe something given or obtained gratuitously or by way of good measure
Prolix marked by or using an excess of words
Protege a young person who is taught and helped by someone who has a lot of knowledge and experience
Prototype an original or first model of something from which other forms are copied or developed
Sycophant a person who praises powerful people in order to get their approval
Tautology a statement in which you repeat a word, idea, etc., in a way that is not necessary
Truckle to act in a subservient manner 
Accolade an award or an expression of praise
Acerbity the quality of being sharply critical
Attrition a reduction in the number of employees or participants that occurs when people leave because they resign, retire, etc., and are not replaced
Bromide a statement that is intended to make people feel happier or calmer but that is not original or effective
Chauvinist the belief that your country, race, etc., is better than any other
Chronic happening or existing frequently or most of the time
Expound to explain or state (something) : to give details about (something)
Factionalism a group within a larger group that has different ideas and opinions than the rest of the group
Immaculate having no flaw or error
Imprecation an offensive word or phrase that people say when they are angry
Ineluctable not able to be avoided or changed
Mercurial changing moods quickly and often
Palliate to make the effects of (something, such as an illness) less painful, harmful, or harsh
Protocol a system of rules that explain the correct conduct and procedures to be followed in formal situations
Resplendent very bright and attractive
Stigmatize to describe or regard (something, such as a characteristic or group of people) in a way that shows strong disapproval
Sub Rosa in confidence
Vainglory excessive or ostentatious pride especially in one's achievements
Vestige the last small part that remains of something that existed before
Volition the power to make your own choices or decisions

Vocabulary V

Obsequious- marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
Beatitude- a state of utmost bliss
Bete Noire- a person or thing strongly detested or avoided
Dank- unpleasantly moist or wet Ecumenical- worldwide or general in extent, influence, or application Fervid- very hot;  marked by often extreme emotions (usually anger or determinism) Heyday- the time when someone or something is most successful, popular, etc.Incubus- one that oppresses or burdens like a nightmare Infrastructure- the basic equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) that are needed for a country, region, or organization to function properly Inveigle- to persuade (someone) to do something in a clever or deceptive way Kudos- praise or respect that you get because of something you have done or achieved Lagniappe- something given or obtained gratuitously or by way of good measure Prolix- unduly prolonged or drawn out Protégé- one who is protected or trained or whose career is furthered by a person of experience, prominence, or influence Prototype- an original model on which something is patterned Tautology- needless repetition of an idea, statement, or word Truckle- to act in a subservient manner
Sycophant- a person who praises powerful people in order to get their approval
Bode- to announce beforehand; to indicate by signs
Fetid- having a heavy offensive smell
Gargantuan- tremendous in size, volume, or degree

Beowulf Questions.

This was the section I took on along with my group, consisting of Amara Sharp, Breanna Timmons, Sara Stevens, Whitney Houg, and Rachel Nolan. 

Beowulf- Prologue to Chapter X

Beowulf always seemed to me to be this insane story about this insane warrior who does insane things.  Yet the entire prologue and first eight chapters of this epic poem are without violence.  They all tell the story of the years prior to Beowulf and a little back ground about the origins of his quest.  Finally, in chapters Nine and Ten, there's an account of Beowulf killing a bunch of things that are described as sea-fishes (I think they could be sharks, but I don't know.)  It was apparently a competition between Beowulf and another person to see how many sea-fish someone could kill, and Beowulf killed nine, thus winning the competition and proving his loyalty to the King of the Danes.

But my question was about that competition.  I couldn't tell if Beowulf was recounting a tale, or the narrator was telling us of something Beowulf was doing.

CA out.

My Opinion Isn't {A} Right

Right to Your Opinion

The implied argument of the muddler:

1. If someone is entitled to an opinion than his/her opinion is well supported by evidence (this is precisely what it means to be entitled to an opinion.).
2. I am entitled to my opinion (as is everyone else in a democratic society.)
3. Therefore, my opinion is well-supported by evidence.

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity."

-World Health Organization in defense of the meaning of 'being healthy'.

-Saying that you have "the right to your own opinion" is not only irrelevant to the topic being discussed, but distracting as well.  A diversion on the matter of rights gets no one any closer to answering the question at hand.

-If two people disagree, and one says the right to his/her opinion, there is someone who having his/her rights violated.

In Class-

• Interdependence-  shared authority based on other people.
• Ripple Effect- we effect others through our actions, and they others by their actions, and so on.
• Limbic- emotional part of the brain.
• Schema- thinking based on routine.

Reflections on Week 1

1. Are there any factors that you think are going to affect your participation or experience in this class? Access to a computer?  Mobile/smart phone?  Transportation?  Friends/family? Schedule?
2. Think of an awesome best ever learning experience that changed you. What did you learn? Where were you? What happened? Who else was there? Did it teach you anything about how you learn (or pay attention... or remember, or think?) How did you know what was happening? 
3. What are you most [excited/concerned] about in this class? What do you look forward to in learning?  How do you think it can/will make a practical difference in your life?

1.  I will never have a stipulation on this class that would prevent me from performing in this class.  I have too much fun in this class for something as little as the inability to get on a computer to hinder my performance in class.

2.  Last year, I took a mind-blowing English class (taught by none other than Dr. Preston himself [and no, I'm not trying to brown-nose, just expressing my love for the method] ) in which I was allowed to write a spectacular novel.  All I had to do was ask.  While writing my novel, I often found myself chuckling to myself.  That was the moment when I realized that I was having more fun doing schoolwork than ever before.  And that was Junior year.  I thought that I could effectively multiply that fun by 10 by being in this class.  :)
3.  NOVEMBER!!!!  Come November, (and I have confirmed this with Mister-Doctor-Professor Patrick [I mean, Preston :)] )  I will be leading a group of hopeful writers during lunch to become prepared for National Novel Writing Month, or NaNoWriMo for short.

Montaigne vs. Austin Essay

As David Foster Wallace wrote in his 2001 story "Good Old Neon":  
What goes on inside is just too fast and huge and all interconnected for words to do more than barely sketch the outlines of at most one tiny little part of it at any given instant.

Do Montaigne's techniques and topics support Foster's notion or contradict it?  How does Montaigne's style provide a window into his thinking?  Compare with Austen's style in Pride & Prejudice.  Include examples.  Avoid summarizing or rehashing the original text.

Big Question(s)?

How do emotions such as grief, anger, and joy, affect our lives?  Not just the now, but the soon-to-be and the distant future?  For example, if someone experiences a tragic event at the age of twelve, how does that affect any, if all, of their choices? {be them economical, social, spiritual, etc.}

Stoked? I Am!

I've been dreaming about this class since freshman year.  Just all the hype has made me want to see for myself how great/terrible this course could be.  And although the Games have yet to begin, (and may the odds be ever in your favor, my friends.) I am more excited than ever.  I mean, taking just the regular English 3 was enough to prepare me for this soon-to-be-wonderful experience.

CA out.